Ibrahim Edhem Pasha
Ibrahim Edhem | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire | |
| In office 5 February 1877 – 11 January 1878 | |
| Preceded by | Midhat Pasha |
| Succeeded by | Ahmed Hamdi Pasha |
| Ottoman Minister of the Interior | |
| In office 1883–1885 | |
| Ottoman Ambassador at Berlin | |
| In office 1876–1876 | |
| Ottoman Ambassador at Vienna | |
| In office 1879–1882 | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1819 Chios, Eyalet of the Archipelago, Ottoman Empire |
| Died | 1893 Constantinople, Ottoman Empire |
Ibrahim Edhem Pasha (Ottoman Turkish: ابراهيم ادهم پاشا) (1819–1893) was an Ottoman statesman, who held the office of Grand Vizier in the beginning of Abdul Hamid II's reign between 5 February 1877 and 11 January 1878.[1] He resigned from that post after the Ottoman chances on winning the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878) had decreased. He furthermore served numerous administrative positions in the Ottoman Empire including minister of foreign affairs in 1856, then ambassador to Berlin in 1876, and to Vienna from 1879 to 1882.[2] He also served as a military engineer and as Minister of Interior from 1883 to 1885.[2] In 1876–1877, he represented the Ottoman Government at the Constantinople Conference.
Early life
[edit]He was born in Chios of Greek ancestry,[1][3][4][5] in a Christian Greek Orthodox village[2] on the island of Chios.[3] Strangely, his connection to Chios is not well-documented: his son Osman Hamdi Bey claimed that he was a member of the Skaramanga family, but Edhem Pasha himself tried to efface his Greek connections.[6]
As a young boy in 1822, he was orphaned and captured by Ottoman soldiers during the massacre of the Greek population of Chios.[5] He was sold into slavery,[7] brought to Constantinople, and adopted by the (later) grand vizier Hüsrev Pasha. Lacking his own children and family, Hüsrev Pasha raised about ten children who had been orphaned or bought as slaves, many of whom ascended to important positions.
The child, now named İbrahim Edhem, quickly distinguished himself with his intelligence and after having attended schools in the Ottoman Empire, he was dispatched along with a number of his peers, and under the supervision of his foster father, then grand vizier, and of the sultan Mahmud II himself, to Paris to pursue his studies under state scholarship. There he returned a Bachelor of Arts, and was one of the top pupils at the École des Mines.[1] He was a classmate and a friend of Louis Pasteur.[citation needed] He thus became Turkey's first mining engineer in the modern sense, and he started his career in this field.
Family and legacy
[edit]Ibrahim Edhem Pasha was the father of Osman Hamdi Bey, a well-known archaeologist and painter, as well the founder of the Istanbul Archaeology Museum and the Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University. Another son, Halil Edhem Eldem took up the archaeology museum after Osman Hamdi Bey's death and had been a deputy for ten years under the newly founded Turkish Republic. Yet another son, İsmail Galib Bey, is considered as the founder of numismatics as a scientific discipline in Turkey. Later generations of the family also produced illustrious names. The architect Sedat Hakkı Eldem, a cousin, is one of the pillars of the search for modern architectural styles adopted by the Republic of Turkey (called the Republican style in the Turkish context) in its early years and which marks many important buildings dating from the period of the 1920s and the 1930s. A great-grandson, Burak Eldem, is a writer while another, Edhem Eldem, is a renowned historian. More descendants include Erol Eldem, Tiana Eldem, Levent Eldem and Ercan Eldem, an architect.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c Latimer, Elizabeth Wormeley (2008). Russia and Turkey in the Nineteenth Century. BiblioBazaar. p. 204. ISBN 978-0-559-52708-1.
Grand vizier Edhem Pasha…the grand vizier, who sent him to Paris, whence he returned a Bachelor of Arts, and one of the best pupils at the Ecole des Mines.
- ^ a b c Shaw, Wendy M. K. (2003). Possessors and possessed: museums, archaeology, and the visualization of history in the late Ottoman Empire. University of California Press. pp. 97–98. ISBN 0-520-23335-2.
Ibrahim Edhem. After studying metals engineering in Paris and Vienna Ibrahim Edhem returned to the Ottoman Empire, where he served in several official posts…He served as ambassador to Berlin in 1876 and to Vienna between 1879 and 1882.
- ^ a b Gilman, Daniel Coit (1906). The New International Encyclopaedia. Dodd, Mead and company. p. 644. OCLC 223290453.
A Turkish soldier and statesman, born of Greek parents on the island of Chios. In 1831 he was taken to Paris, where he was educated in engineering
- ^ Appletons' Annual Cyclopaedia and Register of Important Events. D. Appleton. 1878. p. 268. OCLC 184889012.
EDHEM PASHA, the successor of Midhat Pasha as Grand Vizier, was born at Chio, of Greek parents, in 1823. He was saved, when a child, by Turkish soldiers
- ^ a b Littell, Eliakim (1888). The Living age. The Living Age Co. p. 614. OCLC 10173561.
Edhem Pasha was a Greek by birth, pure and unadulterated, having when an infant been stolen from the island of Chios at the time of the great massacre there
- ^ Edhem Eldem, "Greeks and the Greeks in Ottoman History and Turkish Historiography", The Historical Review (Institute for Neohellenic Research) 6:27 (2009) full text Archived 2017-04-12 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Shaw, Wendy M. K. (12 June 2003). Possessors and possessed: museums, archaeology, and the visualization of history in the late Ottoman Empire. University of California Press. p. 2003. ISBN 0-520-23335-2.
(Osman Hamdi)…His father, Ibrahim Edhem, was born in the Greek Orthodox village of Sakiz. After being captured as a prisoner of war during a village revolt, he was sold as a slave to the chief naval officer, Kaptan-I Derya Husrev Pasha, the head of the Ottoman Navy, who would also soon serve as vizier to the sultan.
External links
[edit]
- Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
- Chamber of Mining Engineers of Turkey (in English)
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| International | |
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| National | |
| Other | |
- 1819 births
- 1893 deaths
- 19th-century Grand Viziers of the Ottoman Empire
- Ambassadors of the Ottoman Empire to Austria-Hungary
- Ambassadors of the Ottoman Empire to Germany
- Converts to Islam from Eastern Orthodoxy
- Former Greek Orthodox Christians
- Government ministers of the Ottoman Empire
- People from the Ottoman Empire of Greek descent
- Turks from the Ottoman Empire
- Greek slaves from the Ottoman Empire
- Pashas
- Politicians from Chios
- Greek Muslims
- Greek former Christians
- Ottoman people of the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)
- 19th-century diplomats
- Ministers of foreign affairs of the Ottoman Empire
- Members of the Senate of the Ottoman Empire
- 19th-century slaves from the Ottoman Empire